Objects are fundamental to JavaScript, used to store collections of key-value pairs.

Method 1: Object Literal (Recommended)

The most common and simplest way:

// Empty object
const emptyObj = {};

// Object with properties
const person = {
  name: "Alice",
  age: 25,
  city: "Paris"
};

console.log(person.name);    // Alice
console.log(person["age"]);  // 25

Method 2: Object Constructor

Using the Object constructor:

const person = new Object();
person.name = "Alice";
person.age = 25;

console.log(person); // { name: 'Alice', age: 25 }

Method 3: Object.create()

Create an object with a specific prototype:

const personPrototype = {
  greet() {
    return `Hello, I'm ${this.name}`;
  }
};

const alice = Object.create(personPrototype);
alice.name = "Alice";

console.log(alice.greet()); // "Hello, I'm Alice"

Method 4: Constructor Function

Create multiple objects with the same structure:

function Person(name, age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
  this.greet = function() {
    return `Hello, I'm ${this.name}`;
  };
}

const alice = new Person("Alice", 25);
const bob = new Person("Bob", 30);

console.log(alice.greet()); // "Hello, I'm Alice"

Method 5: ES6 Classes

Modern syntax for creating objects:

class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  greet() {
    return `Hello, I'm ${this.name}`;
  }
}

const alice = new Person("Alice", 25);
console.log(alice.greet()); // "Hello, I'm Alice"

Shorthand Properties (ES6+)

When variable names match property names:

const name = "Alice";
const age = 25;

// Instead of { name: name, age: age }
const person = { name, age };

console.log(person); // { name: 'Alice', age: 25 }

Computed Property Names

Use expressions as property names:

const key = "name";
const person = {
  [key]: "Alice",
  ["user" + "Age"]: 25
};

console.log(person); // { name: 'Alice', userAge: 25 }

Summary

Use object literals for simple, one-off objects
Use classes for creating multiple objects with shared behavior
Use Object.create() for prototype-based inheritance
Use shorthand properties for cleaner code

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